Worst Forms of Child Labour Data
Total Child Labour
NATIONAL STATISTICS
* There are an estimated 10 million child labourers. (SPARC, The State of Child Labour in South Asia, December 1999, citing Government of Pakistan/UNICEF, Discover the Working Child)
* For the year 2000, the ILO projects that there will be 2,993,000 economically active children, 1,158,000 girls and 1,835,000 boys between the ages of 10-14, representing 15.39% of this age group. (ILO, International Labour Office - Bureau of Statistics, Economically Active Population 1950-2010, STAT Working Paper, ILO 1997)
* 2,065,000 children between 10-14 years and 4,319,000 between 15-19 years are economically active. (ILO, Yearbook of Labour Statistics, 1999)
* There are estimated to be 15 million child labourers in Pakistan. In areas such as Tharparkar, 60% to 70% of all children of 15-17 years work. 20% to 25% is normal in the cities. (Human Rights Commission of Pakistan, The State of Human Rights in Pakistan in 1999, Lahore)
* The Child Labour Survey in 1996 conducted by the Federal Bureau of Statistics for the Ministry of Labour, Manpower and Overseas Pakistanis, found 8.3% or 3.3 million of the 40 million children aged 5-14 years to be economically active practically on a full-time basis. These figures are considered to be under-estimated. (ILO-IPEC, Programme in Pakistan, 1998)
* 3,215,344 children are economically active, of which 2,374,830 are males, 840,514 are females. (ILO-IPEC, Combating Trafficking in Children for Labour Exploitation in the Mekong Sub-region, October 1998, citing Pakistan Federal Bureau of Statistics, Child Labour Survey, 1996)
* Of the total child population, 8.06% are economically active, of these 11.53% are boys and 4.36% are girls. (ILO-IPEC, Combating Trafficking in Children for Labour Exploitation in the Mekong Sub-region, October 1998)
* Of the 3.3 million working children, 73% are boys and 27% are girls. (ILO-IPEC, Programme in Pakistan, 1998)
* 18% of 10-14 year olds are found working. (ILO-IPEC, Child Labour: ILO in Asia and Pacific, 1997)
* Over 3,000 children enter the labour market each month. ("Pakistan: The Predicament of Tens of Thousands of Bonded Labourers", UN Working Group on Contemporary Forms of Slavery, June 1996)
* 11-12 million child labour were estimated in 1995, with at least half under the age of 10 years. (Mir Zulfiqar Ali, "Asian Economic Crisis: The Case of Pakistan", Child Workers in Asia, citing Pakistan Human Rights Commission estimates)
* In 1995, there were 2,835,000 economically active children, 1,030,000 girls and 1,805,000 boys between the ages of 10-14, representing 17.67% of this age group. (ILO, International Labour Office - Bureau of Statistics, Economically Active Population 1950-2010, STAT Working Paper, ILO 1997)
* There are an estimated 6 million working children. (ICFTU and ETUC, Pakistan: Forced Labour, June 1995)
* One third of the work force is comprised of children. (ICFTU and ETUC, Pakistan: Forced Labour, June 1995, citing CBS news segment "Eye to Eye with Comy Chung", 1995)
* There are 19 million working children, 7 million below the age of 10 and 12 million between the ages of 10-14. (US Dept of Labor, Sweat and Toil of Children, 1994, citing Pakistan Institute of Development Economics, "Why children do not go to school in Pakistan", 2-5 April 1994)
* The number of child workers under 15 years are estimated to be not less than 8 million. (US Dept of Labor, Sweat and Toil of Children: Efforts to Eliminate Child Labour, 1998, citing a 1991 UNICEF and Government of Pakistan publication)
* Pakistan Labour Force survey 1990-91 indicates that some 2 million children between 10-14 years are still active in the labour force. (US Dept of Labor, Sweat and Toil of Children, 1994, citing ICFTU, Pakistan: Forced Labour, June 1995)
LOCAL STATISTICS
* The Punjab accounts for 60% of the total child labour. (US Dept of State, Human Rights Report, 1998)
GENERAL NOTES AND OBSERVATIONS
* More than two-thirds of child labourers are working in the agricultural sector. (ILO-IPEC, Programme in Pakistan, 1998)
Child Slavery
NATIONAL STATISTICS
* Of 20 million bonded labourers 7.5 million are children. (ILO-IPEC, Mainstreaming Gender in IPEC Activities, 1999)
* 1.2 million children are bonded in the carpet factories. (EI, EI Barometer on Human and Trade Union Rights in the Education Sector, 1998)
* Of 35 million soccer balls stitched in Pakistan, children produce one quarter of the balls, most of them as bonded servants. (Mary E. Williams, Child Labour And Sweat Shops, 1999, citing Sydney Schanberg, Life, 1 June 1996)
* The ILO report on Pakistan indicates approximately 50,000 children working as bonded labourers in the carpet sector. (ICFTU and ETUC, Pakistan: Forced Labour, June 1995)
* The number of bonded workers is estimated as 20 million, of which 6 million would be children. (ICFTU and ETUC, Pakistan: Forced Labour, June 1995, citing ILO estimates)
* There are an estimated 8 million bonded child labourers. (US Dept of Labor, Sweat and Toil of Children, 1994)
* 250,000 children working in brick kilns are bonded labourers, driven into a miserable state by the fact that their entire families have been 'pawned' to the owners by virtue of their having pledged their labour in return for some money taken. (CWA, Ghazanfer Abbas, "Child Labour in Pakistan", Child Workers in Asia, Vol. 10, No. 3, July - September 1994)
* BLLF in 1992 announced that 8 million children were forcibly put to work. (ICFTU and ETUC, Pakistan: Forced Labour, June 1995, citing "The Battle Goes On", Child Workers in Asia, October 1992-March 1993)
* BLLF estimated in 1992 that nearly half a million bonded children work in carpet industry alone. (ICFTU and ETUC, Pakistan: Forced Labour, June 1995)
ADULT STATISTICS
* 200,000 Bangladeshi women have been trafficked to Pakistan for the slave trade and prostitution. (CATW Fact Book, citing UBINIG, Trafficking in Women and Children: The Cases of Bangladesh, 1995)
GENERAL NOTES AND OBSERVATIONS -
* Children are sometimes kidnapped to be used as forced labour. (EI, EI Barometer on Human and Trade Union Rights in the Education Sector, 1998)
* Bonded labour, a contemporary form of slavery according to the UN definition, is still unfortunately prevalent in certain sectors in Pakistan, such as brick manufacture, construction, sports goods manufacture and carpet-weaving. (HRCP, Shakeel Ahmed Pathan, submission to the ECOSOC Commission on Human Rights, June 1997)
* Auctions of girls are arranged for three kinds of buyers: rich visiting Arabs, the rich local gentry, and rural farmers. (CATW-Asia Pacific, Trafficking in Women and Prostitution in the Asia Pacific, 1996)
* The problem of bonded labour has been aggravated with the arrival of adult and child refugees from Afghanistan, Bangladesh . (ICFTU and ETUC, Pakistan: Forced Labour, June 1995)
* Children are employed in hazardous industries such as match and fireworks factories, carpet-making factories, agricultural industries under the authority of land-owners, and in conditions of near slavery. (OMCT/SOS, remarks to the UN CRC, April 1994)
* Children are very often forced into a situation of bonded labour by poverty. (OMCT/SOS, remarks to the UN CRC, April 1994)
* Several thousand kidnapped children are in forced labour at construction sites. (ILO Committee of Experts, General Report, 1994, citing UNICEF, Situation Analysis of Children & Women in Pakistan)
* Millions of children suffer under the bonded labour system in brick kilns, carpet industries, agriculture, fisheries, stone/brick crushing, shoe-making, power looms, refuse sorting. (US Dept of Labor, Sweat and Toil of Children, 1994, citing "Pakistan: Bonded Labour Abolition Act Passed at Last", Social & Labour Bulletin, April 1992)
Child Trafficking
NATIONAL STATISTICS
* Over the last decade, 200,000 Bangladeshi girls were lured under false circumstances and sold into the sex industry in nations including Pakistan, India and the Middle East. (CATW Fact Book, citing Tabibul Islam, "Rape of Minors Worry Parents", IPS, 8 April 1998)
* Lawyers for Human Rights and Legal Aid (LHRLA) of Pakistan have reported that more than 19,000 boys from the region, ranging in age from two to 11 years old, have been trafficked as camel jockeys to the Middle East- a trade that can cost them their lives. (ILO-IPEC, Karen C. Tumlin , Overview of Child Trafficking for Labour Exploitation in the Region, Working Papers on Child Labour in Asia - Vol -2, Bangkok, ILO, 2001)
* On an average, annually 4,500 girls and children from Bangladesh are being trafficked to Pakistan alone. (BNWLA, Salma Ali, Country Report on Trafficking in Children and Their Exploitation in Prostitution, October 1998, citing report by UNICEF and SAARC)
* Different human rights activists and agencies estimate 200-400 young women and children are smuggled out every month, most of them from Bangladesh to Pakistan. (CATW Fact Book, citing CEDAW Report: Bangladesh, 1 April 1997)
* About 40,000 children from Bangladesh are involved in prostitution in Pakistan. (ILO-IPEC, Rapid Assessment of Child Labour Situation in Bangladesh, 1996)
* 4,800 Bangladeshi girls were trafficked to Pakistan and India. (Nishanthi Priyangika, "Child labour on the increase in Bangladesh", World Socialist Web Site, 3/11/1999, citing UNICEF Report 1994)
* In 1992, it was estimated that some 20,000 children, some as young as 5 years old, were sent to the Gulf region to be used as jockeys in camel racing. (OMCT/SOS, remarks to the UN CRC, April 1994)
* 19,000 Pakistani children have been trafficked to the United Arab Emirates. (CATW Fact Book, citing SANLAAP India, Indrani Sinha, "Paper on Globalization & Human Rights", citing LHRLA)
ADULT STATISTICS
* 500 Bangladeshi women are illegally transported into Pakistan every day. (CATW Fact Book, citing "Open sale of little girls at Tanbazar brothel", Daily Star, 2 July 1998, citing BNWLA)
* 100-150 women are estimated to enter Pakistan illegally every day. Few ever return to their homes. (CATW Fact Book, citing "Slavery Still A Thriving Trade", IPS, 29 December 1997)
* At least 200,000 Bangladeshi women have been trafficked to Pakistan over the last 10 years. (CATW Fact Book, citing CEDAW Report: Bangladesh, 1 April 1997)
* More than 150 women were trafficked to Pakistan every day between 1991 and 1993. (CATW Fact Book, citing SANLAAP India, Indrani Sinha, "Paper on Globalization & Human Rights")
* There have been 1 million Bangladeshi, and more than 200,000 Burmese women trafficked to Karachi, Pakistan. (CATW Fact Book, citing SANLAAP India, Indrani Sinha, "Paper on Globalization & Human Rights")
Child Prostitution and Pornography
NATIONAL STATISTICS
* Between 20,000 and 40,000 children are in prostitution in Pakistan. (June Kane, Sold for Sex, Aren Ashgate Publising Limited Gower House, 1998)
* Over the last decade, 200,000 Bangladeshi girls were lured under false circumstances and sold into the sex industry in nations including Pakistan, India and the Middle East. (CATW Fact Book, citing Tabibul Islam, "Rape of Minors Worry Parents", IPS, 8 April 1998)
* There are an estimated 240,000 children in prostitution. (ECPAT International, The Price of Lamb, 1996)
* About 40,000 children from Bangladesh are involved in prostitution in Pakistan. (ILO-IPEC, Rapid Assessment of Child Labour Situation in Bangladesh, 1996)
LOCAL STATISTICS
* About 40% young girls of the half a million Afghan children in Pakistan's North-West Frontier Province have no where to go except to local brothels and be called 'Gilam Jam'. (ECPAT, ECPAT, "Sex Tourism and the Travel Industry", Travel Trade, Gazette Asia, 25-31 October 1996, reprinted in ECPAT Bulletin, October 1996)
* Male child prostitution is more common than any form of exploitation. There are nearly 15,000-20,000 child prostitutes present in Lahore in the areas near bhatti and railway station. (NCCWD, Combating Child Trafficking: Pakistan)
* There are nearly 500 child prostitutes in Rawalpindi alone. (NCCWD, Combating Child Trafficking: Pakistan)
GENERAL NOTES AND OBSERVATIONS
* Awareness of the problem of sexual abuse is very reluctantly acknowledged, particularly by the government. Underground sexual exploitation of children, especially boys, is reported to be widespread within the country. (ECPAT International, A Step Forward, 1999)
* There is extensive trafficking of children from Bangladesh, primarily to India, Pakistan, and destinations within the country are also largely for the purposes of forced prostitution. (US Dept of State, Country Reports on Human Rights Practices - 1999, 25 February 2000)
GENERAL NOTES AND OBSERVATIONS
* Pakistan is a source, transit, and destination country for an increasing number of trafficked persons. (US Dept. of State, Trafficking in Persons Report, July 12, 2001)
* Women and children are trafficked for purposes of sexual exploitation, bonded labour, and domestic servitude to the Middle East. (US Dept. of State, Trafficking in Persons Report, July 12, 2001)
* Pakistan is a source country for young boys who are kidnapped or bought and sent to work as camel jockeys in the Gulf States. (US Dept. of State, Trafficking in Persons Report, July 12, 2001)
* Women and children are trafficked from East Asian countries and Bangladesh through Pakistan to the Middle East. (US Dept. of State, Trafficking in Persons Report, July 12, 2001)
* Pakistan serves as a destination point for women who are trafficked from Bangladesh, Burma, Afghanistan, and the Central Asian States. (US Dept. of State, Trafficking in Persons Report, July 12, 2001)
* There is extensive trafficking of children from Bangladesh, primarily to India, Pakistan, and destinations within the country are also largely for the purposes of forced prostitution. (US Dept of State, Country Reports on Human Rights Practices - 1999, 25 February 2000)
* India and Pakistan are the main destinations for children under 16 who are trafficked in South Asia. (CATW Fact Book, citing Masako Iijima, "S. Asia urged to unite against child prostitution", Reuters, 19 June 1998)
* Nepalese, Bangladeshi and Pakistani women are trafficked to India, and through India they are trafficked to Eastern Europe and Saudi Arabia. (CATW Fact Book, citing Meena Oudel, Oxfam Nepal, 18 March 1998)
* Reports indicate trafficking of children into Pakistan from Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Nepal and Sri Lanka. (US Dept of Labor, Prostitution of Children, 1996)
Children in Crime
GENERAL JUVENILE CRIME STATISTICS
* There are a total of 4,000 children in jails. (Human Rights Commission of Pakistan, The State of Human Rights in Pakistan, 1999)
* 3,200 children are reported to be in prison. (US Dept of State, Human Rights Report, 1998)
LOCAL STATISTICS
* In the state of Punjab, the children under 18 convicted for crime numbered around 1,600. Of those convicted, 101 faced death and a number of others were undergoing sentence of 14 to 50 years. (Human Rights Commission of Pakistan, The State of Human Rights in Pakistan, 1999)
Child Soldiers
OPPOSITION GROUP STATISTICS
* Some madrasas have emerged as centres for indoctrination, training and recruitment of young fighters for the armed conflicts in Afghanistan, Jammu and Kashmir. In February 2000 the Pakistani Interior Minister claimed that "only 1%" of the madrasas in Pakistan sent their students for training in Afghanistan. Reportedly, there are 219,000 students in madrasas in Punjab province alone. (CSUCS, Asia Report, July 2000, citing A. Baruah, "Pakistan bans display of arms", The Hindu, 17 February 2000)
RECRUITMENT LAWS AND REGULATIONS
* Volunteers from 16 years of age are in the armed forces. (Rädda Barnen, Childwar database)
* The legal enlistment age is between 17 and 22 for officers, and between 16 and 25 for soldiers. (Mission of Pakistan to the UN, 16 December 1997)
* The Pakistan Government representative said that while Pakistan recruited under 18s, it had adequate safeguards to ensure they were not involved in armed conflict. (CSUCS, Asia Report, July 2000, citing the Pakistan Government Representative to the Asia Pacific Conference on Child Soldiers, 15-18 May 2000)
GENERAL NOTES AND OBSERVATIONS
* Much attention has been paid to the role of informal Islamic schools or madrasas in recruiting children for political and military activities. (CSUCS, Global Report on Child Soldiers - 2001 citing Spillius, A., "Seminaries churn out warriors for Kashmir", op. cit. )
* There are no official figures regarding the number of madrasas in Pakistan; estimates vary between 15,000 and 25,000. Some madrasas have emerged as centres for indoctrination, training and recruitment of young fighters for the armed conflicts in Afghanistan, Jammu and Kashmir. (CSUCS, Global Report on Child Soldiers - 2001 citing Chandran, S., "Madrassas in Pakistan-I. Madrassas a brief review", Article No. 314, 25/1/00, IPCS, New Delhi,, http://www.ipcs.org)
* UN sources reported further recruitment of children from madrasas in the summer of 1999 when the Taliban launched a major recruitment drive in expectation of a new offensive. (CSUCS, Global Report on Child Soldiers - 2001 citing UN document S/PV.4037, Provisional Verbatim of Security Council debate on children and armed conflict, 25/8/99)
NOTES ON GOVERNMENT FORCES
* There are indications of under-18s in government armed forces as the minimum age for voluntary recruitment is 16, but there is no evidence of their deployment. (CSUCS, Global Report on Child Soldiers - 2001)
NOTES ON OPPOSITION GROUPS
* Some internal armed groups are also known to have children in their ranks. (CSUCS, Global Report on Child Soldiers - 2001)
* It is believed that the Mohajir Qaumi Movement (MQM) factions have under-18s in their ranks. (CSUCS, Global Report on Child Soldiers - 2001)
* Human Rights Watch reported in 1999 that "on August 12, 1998, unidentified gunmen shot Mohajir men, including one 16 year old, who was the only one to survive. Later that evening nine Muttahida activists, ranging in age from 15 to 22, were killed and five were injured by unknown gunmen." (CSUCS, Global Report on Child Soldiers - 2001 citing HRW Report 1999, op. cit.)
* There is evidence that children, some under 14, have been recruited by armed groups fighting in neighbouring Afghanistan and Jammu and Kashmir. (CSUCS, Global Report on Child Soldiers - 2001)
* The degree to which under 18-year-old activists of Mohajir Qaumi Movement (MQM) factions are engaged in armed conflict is unclear as many such killings take place in disputed circumstances. (CSUCS, Asia Report, July 2000, citing Human Rights Watch, World Report, 1999)
* Amnesty International has reported forced recruitment of children in Pakistan through madarsas to fight in Afghanistan. (CSUCS, Asia Report, July 2000, citing Amnesty International, Children in South Asia Securing Their Rights, 1 April 1998)
Domestic Child Servants
NATIONAL STATISTICS
* 6.7% of female child workers were found in domestic help. (CWA, Ghazanfer Abbas, "Child Labour in Pakistan", Child Workers in Asia, Vol. 10, No. 3, July - September 1994, citing 1990 survey jointly by the PILER in Karachi and SEBCON in Islamabad)
GENERAL NOTES AND OBSERVATIONS
* Child domestic workers generally have to work for 15 hours a day, seven days a week. (UNICEF Innocenti Digest on Child Domestic Work, May 1999, citing "The Phenomenon of Child Domestic Work: Issues, Responses and Research Findings", 19-23 November 1997)
* There are significant numbers of young Bangladeshi girls who were abducted for the 'slave trade', to be employed as domestic servants in the Middle East and Pakistan. (An Alternative Report to the UN Committee on the Rights of the Child, submission to the UN CRC, 1997)
Other Hazardous
Child Labour
ASSORTED STATISTICS
* More than 5 million children are employed in the textile, clothing, footwear and leather sectors. (ICFTU and ETUC, Pakistan: Forced Labour, June 1995, citing estimates of Pakistan National Textile, Leather and Garment Workers' Federation of Multan)
* A survey found most of the children working in the informal sector in a variety of activities; 52.2% of them in the production sector such as glass making, battery-cell making, printing and publishing, textiles, metal works, jewelry making, plastics, leather works, carpet weaving, garments, paper and packaging, furniture, engineering and auto workshops, while 32.82% were found in the service sector such as petrol pump operators, plumbers, washermen, sweepers, garbage collectors, barbers, shoe polishers, hawkers, car cleaners, hotel and restaurant workers, domestic helpers, shop assistants and tailors. (CWA, Ghazanfer Abbas, "Child Labour in Pakistan", Child Workers in Asia, Vol. 10, No. 3, July - September 1994, citing 1990 survey jointly by the PILER in Karachi and SEBCON in Islamabad)
GENERAL NOTES AND OBSERVATIONS
* A large number of children work in urban centres, weaving carpets, making surgical instruments and producing sporting goods. (US Dept of Labor, Sweat and Toil of Children,1994)
* There are allegations of children working in industries including leather, footwear and mining. (US Dept of Labor, Sweat and Toil of Children, 1994)
* Children are employed in hazardous industries such as match and fireworks factories, carpet-making factories, agricultural industries under the authority of land-owners and in conditions of near slavery. (OMCT/SOS, remarks to the UN CRC, April 1994)
SPECIFIC SECTORS
* Auto Workshops - A survey conducted by the Human Rights Commission of Pakistan published in June 1999 noted that there are approximately 4,000 children working in auto workshops in the Mardan district of the NWFP. (US Dept of State, Country Reports on Human Rights Practices - 2000, February 2001)
* Camel Racing - In 1992, it was estimated that some 20,000 children, some as young as 5 years old, were sent to the Gulf region to be used as jockeys in camel racing. (OMCT/SOS, remarks to the UN CRC, April 1994)
* Brick Kilns - A minimum of 250,000 children live and work in brick kilns in complete social isolation. (CWA, Ghazanfer Abbas, "Child Labour in Pakistan", Child Workers in Asia, Vol. 10, No. 3, July - September 1994)
* Brick Kilns - Tens of thousands of children work with their families in brick kilns. (ILO Committee of Experts, General Report, 1994)
* Carpet Industry - 120,000 to 1 million children work in the carpet industry. The figure includes children in debt-bondage also. (US Dept of Labor, Sweat and Toil of Children: Consumer Labels and Child Labor, 1997)
* Carpet Industry - The number of child workers in carpet industry was 500,000. (US Dept of Labor, Sweat and Toil of Children: Consumer Labels and Child Labor, 1997, citing a memorandum of SACCS to US Dept of State, 20 February 1996)
* Carpet Industry - 1.2 million children engaged in the carpet industry. (ICFTU, No Time to Play, 1996, citing UNICEF)
* Carpet Industry - It is estimated that a minimum of 1 million workers comprise the workforce of the country's large and labour-intensive carpet industry, of which more than 500,000 are children. (CWA, Ghazanfer Abbas, "Child Labour in Pakistan", Child Workers in Asia, Vol. 10, No. 3, July - September 1994)
* Carpet Industry - Reports tentatively estimate that out of 15 million workers in the carpet industry, 1 million are children. (ICFTU and ETUC, Pakistan: Forced Labour, June 1995, citing UNICEF, Child Labour in the Carpet Weaving Industry in Punjab, 1992)
* Manufacturing - 11 million children aged 4-14 keep the country's factories operating. (Jonathan Silvers, "Child Labour in Pakistan", The Atlantic Monthly, 1996)
* Mining and Quarrying - 50,000 children are involved in mining. (ICFTU-APRO, Sub-Regional Seminar on Child Labour, October 1993)
* Scavenging - 20.3% of child workers are engaged as rag-pickers. (Sarah Javed and Zarina Jilani, Child Labour in Islamabad, 1997)
* Sporting Goods Industry - 80% of soccer balls sold in the US are made in east Pakistan, where 1 in 5 workers are children between the ages of 7 and 12. (Canadian Labour Congress, Challenging Child Labour, 1998)
* Sporting Goods Industry - In 1997, 5,400 children were removed from the soccer ball industry. (US Dept of State, Human Rights Report, 1998)
* Sporting Goods Industry - Sialkot district alone produces nearly 75% of the world's hand-stitched soccer balls. As many as 7,000 children currently work in the industry. (EI, EI Quarterly Magazine, September 1997, citing ILO)
* Sporting Goods Industry - Of 35 million soccer balls stitched in Pakistan, children produce one quarter of the balls, most of them as bonded servants. (Mary E. Williams, Child Labour And Sweat Shops, 1999, citing Sydney Schanberg, Life, 1 June 1996)
* Sports Goods Industry - Children constitute approximately 20-25% of the work force in the sports goods industry and range from 12-15 years. (US Dept of Labor, Sweat and Toil of Children, 1994)
* Surgical Instruments Industry - The exact number of vendor shops in Sialkot is not known but it is estimated that more than 2,000 vendors are involved in surgical instrument production. It is estimated that each vendor shop employs an average of two children, so some 3,000 to 4,000 children haven been suspected of being involved in the production process. (ILO-IPEC, Nasir Dogar, Workplace Monitoring Project in the Surgical Instrument Industry, Working Papers on Child Labour in Asia - Vol -2, Bangkok, ILO, 2001)
* Surgical Instruments Industry - According to the ILO and the Punjab Welfare Department, children constitute about 15% of the work force in the surgical instrument industry in Sialkot; 7,500 of these children are estimated to be under age 14. (US Dept of State, Country Reports on Human Rights Practices - 2000, February 2001 citing ILO and Punjab Welfare Department)
* Surgical Instruments Industry - According to a June 1999 report issued by Public Services International, the average age of children in the surgical instrument industry is 12. (US Dept of State, Country Reports on Human Rights Practices - 2000, February 2001 citing PSI report)
* Surgical Instruments Industry - 3,670 children under 17 are working in the surgical instruments industry. (US Dept of Labor, Sweat and Toil of Children, 1994, citing Government of Pakistan's chart on child labour by the Provincial Government in 1993)
No comments:
Post a Comment